潘少宁的博客

Ubuntu 系统已经把安装系统简化了很多。采用 apt-get命令，可以很简便的管理软件的安装与删除。

常用的APT命令参数：

apt-cache search package 搜索包

apt-cache show package 获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等

sudo apt-get remove package 删除包

sudo apt-get remove package – - purge 删除包，包括删除配置文件等

sudo apt-get update 更新源

sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统

sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade 使用 dselect 升级

apt-cache depends package 了解使用依赖

apt-cache rdepends package 是查看该包被哪些包依赖

sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境

apt-get source package 下载该包的源代码

sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包

sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖

sudo apt-get install package 安装包

sudo apt-get install package – - reinstall 重新安装包

sudo apt-get -f install 修复安装”-f = ——fix-missing”

打开Ubuntu的终端,输入

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
删掉里边所有旧的内容，把新的源列表内容贴进去

再执行:

sudo apt-get update

就可以生效。

网易163更新服务器：

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse

Archive.ubuntu.com更新服务器（欧洲，此为官方源，电信网通用户使用)：

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

骨头兄亲自搭建并维护这个Ubuntu源（该源位于浙江杭州百兆共享宽带的电信机房)：

deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-cn karmic main restricted universe multiverse

sohu 更新服务器：

deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

Mirrors.shlug.org更新服务器（电信服务器，Ubuntu China Official Mirror, maintained by Shanghai Linux User Group）：

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Mirror.lupaworld.com更新服务器（浙江省杭州市双线服务器）：

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

厦门大学更新服务器（教育网服务器）：

deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

成都市 电子科技大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：

deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main multiverse restricted universe

== 如果无法解析uestc.edu.cn域名，请使用以下地址 ==

deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ karmic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ karmic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ karmic main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ karmic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main multiverse restricted universe

上海市上海交通大学更新服务器：

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main multiverse restricted universe

中国科学技术大学更新服务器：

deb http://
debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://
debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://
debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://
debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://
debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://
debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://
debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://
debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://
debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://
debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main multiverse restricted universe

中国地质大学（北京）更新服务器：

deb http://www.tofree.org/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://www.tofree.org/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://www.tofree.org/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://www.tofree.org/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://www.tofree.org/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://www.tofree.org/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://www.tofree.org/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://www.tofree.org/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://www.tofree.org/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://www.tofree.org/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

中国台湾 台湾大学更新服务器（推荐网通用户使用，电信PING平均响应速度41MS。强烈推荐此源，比较完整，较少出现同步问题）：

deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.